How to Solo a Student Pilot
Outline:
Eligibility Requirements for Student Pilots (FAR § 61.83)
Age: Must be at least 16 years old.
Language Proficiency: Must be able to read, speak, write, and understand English.
Medical Certification: Requires a 3rd Class Medical or BasicMed, unless pursuing a Sport Pilot certificate.
Student Pilot Application (FAR § 61.85)
English Proficiency Test: CFIs must test students to ICAO Level 4 for English proficiency.
Application Process: CFI submits the application through IACRA or paper form.
Certification Delivery: Student pilot certificate is emailed in a few days, with a plastic card mailed later.
Solo Requirements for Student Pilots (FAR § 61.87)
Knowledge Test: The instructor must administer and review a knowledge test covering:
Relevant sections of FAR Part 61 and 91.
Local airport and airspace procedures.
Flight characteristics and operational limitations of the aircraft.
Flight Training: The student must demonstrate satisfactory proficiency in several areas, including:
Preflight planning, takeoffs, landings.
Traffic patterns, turns, climbs, descents.
Emergency procedures and engine malfunctions.
Solo Flight Checklist
Requirements:
Valid Student Pilot Certificate.
3rd Class Medical or BasicMed.
Completed and reviewed knowledge test.
Proficiency in the "15 items" listed in FAR § 61.87.
90-day endorsement for the specific aircraft make and model.
Logbook Endorsement: Instructor must endorse the student’s logbook for solo flight.
Night Solo Requirements (FAR § 61.87(o))
Training: Night flight training and navigation must be completed.
Endorsement: Instructor must provide a specific endorsement for night solo.
Additional Solo Endorsements (FAR § 61.87(p))
After the initial 90-day period, an additional endorsement is required, with the instructor confirming continued proficiency
General Limitations for Student Pilots (FAR § 61.89)
Restrictions:
Cannot carry passengers or fly for compensation.
Cannot fly at night with less than 5 miles visibility.
Must maintain visual reference to the surface.
Instructor Limitations: Instructors can impose additional limitations on solo flight, such as wind or time constraints.
Student Pilot Solo Cross-Country Requirements (FAR § 61.93)
Local Solo: Student pilots can fly within 25 nm of their home airport but cannot land at another airport without an endorsement.
Cross-Country Endorsement: Instructor must fly with the student over the route and confirm proficiency before granting the endorsement.
Endorsements
The document references AC 61-65H for detailed endorsement examples, including solo, night, and cross-country endorsements.
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